IOT-BASED AUTOMATED HYDROPONIC CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM, ANDROID APPLICATION AND FIREBASE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33480/ctpqkf48Keywords:
Android Application, Automated Hydroponics, ESP32, Firebase, IoTAbstract
Conventional hydroponic systems require consistent manual monitoring of environmental conditions and water levels. This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated Internet of Things (IoT)-based hydroponic monitoring and control system using an ESP32 microcontroller, Firebase database, and an Android application. The methodology involved system design, implementation, and a 5-hour evaluation with hourly data logging to assess sensor accuracy and response latency. Quantitative results showed the DHT22 sensor recorded temperatures between 24–28°C and humidity between 60–75%. The JSN-SR04T sensor measured water levels with ±2 mm accuracy, automatically opening the solenoid valve below 20% capacity and closing it at 80%. Manual water pump commands via the Android app exhibited an average response time of 5–7 seconds. This study contributes a low-cost, responsive IoT architecture that reduces manual labor by enabling reliable remote monitoring and automated irrigation control. However, the study is limited by Wi-Fi connection latency, a brief 5-hour testing duration, and the current absence of automated pH and nutrient adjustment features.
References
Abuibaid, Mohammed A. A. 2025. “Hyper-Reliable Communications for Industrial Automation: From IIoT Devices to Integrated Networks to Edge Clouds.”
Baraskar, Trupti, Viren Khatri, Parimal Kolhe, Mitheelesh Katyarmal, and Shaunak Khedekar. 2025. “AI-Powered Automated Hydroponic System for Smart Agriculture.” MethodsX 103579.
Diaz-Delgado, Dick, Ciro Rodriguez, Augusto Bernuy-Alva, Carlos Navarro, and Alexander Inga-Alva. 2025. “Optimization of Vegetable Production in Hydroculture Environments Using Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review.” Sustainability 17(7):3103.
Escalante-Mamani, Julio C., Erwin J. Sacoto-Cabrera, Roger Jesus Coaquira-Castillo, L. Walter Utrilla Mego, Julio Cesar Herrera-Levano, Yesenia Concha-Ramos, and Edison Moreno-Cardenas. 2025. “Design and Validation of an IoT-Integrated Fuzzy Logic Controller for High-Altitude NFT Hydroponic Systems: A Case Study in Cusco, Peru.” Electronics 14(18):3740.
Iyengar, Ashok, and Joseph Pearson. 2024. Edge Computing Patterns for Solution Architects: Learn Methods and Principles of Resilient Distributed Application Architectures from Hybrid Cloud to Far Edge. Packt Publishing Ltd.
Kalamaras, Sotirios D., Maria-Athina Tsitsimpikou, Christos A. Tzenos, Antonios A. Lithourgidis, Dimitra S. Pitsikoglou, and Thomas A. Kotsopoulos. 2024. “A Low-Cost IoT System Based on the ESP32 Microcontroller for Efficient Monitoring of a Pilot Anaerobic Biogas Reactor.” Applied Sciences 15(1):34.
Khobariah, Nur Fathimah, Perera Dwi Sahara Hermawan, and Rini Suwartika Kusumadiarti. 2022. “Sistem Monitoring Suhu Dan Kelembapan Ruang Server Berbasis Wemos D1.” JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Informatika) 7(1):32–42.
Kumar, Amit Kumar, Arjamadutta Sarangi, D. K. Singh, Sukanta Dash, and Indra Mani. 2023. “Evaluation of Ultrasonic Sensor for Flow Measurement in Open Channel.” Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (JSIR) 82(10):1091–99.
Matu, Benard Munyiri. 2024. “Design, Development and Validation of an Arduino-Based Global System For Mobile Communication Prototype For Remote Water Level Monitoring.”
Mundu, M. M., J. I. Sempewo, Anumolu Goparaju, and Daniel Ejim Uti. 2026. “Comparative Analysis of Model Evaluation Metrics in Energy Systems, Environmental Modeling, and Sustainability Science.” International Journal of Energy Research 2026(1):6170467.
Ogbolumani, Omolola, and Bonginhlanhla Mabaso. 2023. “An IoT-Based Hydroponic Monitoring and Control System for Sustainable Food Production.” Journal of Digital Food, Energy & Water Systems 4(2).
Rahman, Md Hafizur, Muhammad Shihab, Md Arifur Rahman, and M. Naderuzzaman. 2026. “ESP32 Microcontroller: A Review of Architecture, Communication Protocols, Applications and Research Challenges.” Open Access Journal on Engineering Applications 1(02):19–33.
Resh, Howard M. 2022. Hydroponic Food Production: A Definitive Guidebook for the Advanced Home Gardener and the Commercial Hydroponic Grower. CRC press.
Rivana, Rivana Risqi, Made Rahmawaty Made, and Jajang Jaenudin. 2023. “Sistem Monitoring Nutrisi Dan PH Air Pada Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT).” Jurnal Elektronika Dan Otomasi Industri 10(3).
Sneineh, Anees Abu, and Arafat A. A. Shabaneh. 2023. “Design of a Smart Hydroponics Monitoring System Using an ESP32 Microcontroller and the Internet of Things.” MethodsX 11:102401.
Thomas, Dennis, Abhay Chandran, Abin K. Babu, Deon P. Charly, Jith John Daniel, and S. N. Kumar. 2023. “Depth Sensing and Object Localization Using Ultrasound 2D Traversing Scanner.” Pp. 1–6 in 2023 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: International Conference on Intelligent Systems (AICERA/ICIS). IEEE.
Ula, Munirul, Rizal Tjut Adek, Hafizh Al Kautsar Aidilof, and Bustami Bustami. 2025. “Internet of Things Progressive Web Application for Smart Greenhouse Genetic Fuzzy Control in Hydroponic Intercropping System.” Pp. 108–13 in 2025 3rd International Conference on Computer System, Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering (COSITE). IEEE.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Bagus Mahendra, Seliwati Seliwati, Dudih Gustian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The copyright of any article in the TECHNO Nusa Mandiri Journal is fully held by the author under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC license. The copyright in each article belongs to the author. Authors retain all their rights to published works, not limited to the rights set out on this page. The author acknowledges that Techno Nusa Mandiri: Journal of Computing and Information Technology (TECHNO Nusa Mandiri) is the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC). Authors can enter articles separately, manage non-exclusive distribution, from manuscripts that have been published in this journal into another version (for example: sent to author affiliation respository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript was published for the first time in Techno Nusa Mandiri: Journal of Computing and Information Technology (TECHNO Nusa Mandiri); The author guarantees that the original article, written by the stated author, has never been published before, does not contain any statements that violate the law, does not violate the rights of others, is subject to the copyright which is exclusively held by the author. If an article was prepared jointly by more than one author, each author submitting the manuscript warrants that he has been authorized by all co-authors to agree to copyright and license notices (agreements) on their behalf, and agrees to notify the co-authors of the terms of this policy. Techno Nusa Mandiri: Journal of Computing and Information Technology (TECHNO Nusa Mandiri) will not be held responsible for anything that may have occurred due to the author's internal disputes.
